James hargreaves



(No Model.)

J. HARGREAVES. INTERNAL COMBUSTION THERMO MOTOR. No. 481,581.

Patented July 8, 1890.

I NVENTUR WITNESSES Nrrnn STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES IIARGREAVES, OF FARNIVORTH, COUNTY OF LANCASTER, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION THERMO- -M OTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,581, dated July 8,1890.

Application filed February 24, 1890. 8erial No. 341,385. (No model-lPatented in England Aug s 28, 1888, NO- 1 in France y 1 1: in Ita y ul8, 1889, No. 25,304.,- in Germany July 11, 1889, No. 50,592; in BelgiumJuly l5,1889,No.86,86-3, and in Spain September 18, 1889, No. 9,798.

dated July 15, 1889; in Germany, No. 50,592,

dated July 11, 1889; in Italy, No. 25,804, dated July 8, 1889; in Spain,No. 9,798, dated Septeni ber 18, 1889, and nowhere else;) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof.

My invention relates to an improvement in motors which are driven bypower obtained from the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel and airwithin a working chamber or cylinder; and the object is to provide amotor of simple and durable construction and efficient action.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a motor under my invention. Fig. 2 isa horizontal section thereof at the line A A in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 avertical section thereof at the line B B in Fig. 2. showing modifiedconstructions of the parts of Figs. 3 and 2, to which they arerespectively adjacent on the sheet. Fig. 6 is an enlarged View of partof the piston, showing means for lubricating; and Fig. 7 is an enlargedsectional view of the combustionchamber lining. Fig. 8 is an end view ofthe piston, showing the covering. Fig. 9 is aperspectiy e view,enlarged, of the covering for the piston-face; and Fig. 10 is anenlarged view of the fuel-injector.

1 is the working-cylinder, fitted with a metallic liner 2.

3 is the combustion-chamber, cast in one piece with theworking-cylinder. The sides or walls 3 of the combustion-chamber arelined with fire-brick blocks or segments 4. or with cement, and suchblocks are held in pos'ition by longitudinal metal T-shaped stays 5,secured to the walls of the combustionchamber.

6 is a jacket surrounding the combustion- Figs. 1: and 5 are sectionalviews chamber and working-cylinder. The space between the jacket and thecylinder and combustion-chamber walls is partly filled with water, sothat the lower part serves more particularly as a cooler for the ironwork and for generating steam, while the upper part serves as asaturatorand superheater.

7 is a regenerator partially outside and partially within the side ofthe water-jacket 6.

8 is a way for charging the regenerator7 with loose pieces of refractorymaterial.

9 is a closing-plug.

10 is a passage leading from the regenerator 7 to the combustion chamber3.

11 is an injector provided with a lip 12'for forcing liquid fuel in theform of spray into .the passage 10, so as to direct the fuel in the lineof the air-passage and secure intimate admixture of the said fuel andair.

' 13 is a working-piston faced with steel plates 14, held in position byclaws 15. The space between the plates and the piston is filled 'withasbestos or asbestus and taror like nonconducting and heat-resistingmaterial, so that excessive heat is not conveyed to the body of thepiston.

16 is a lubricator secured to the junk-ring 17 of the piston and havinga way 18, leading to the back of the paeking-rings 19. In this wayefficient lubrication of the moving parts is secured.

20 is a ring secured between the workingoylinder and combu stion-ehamber for the purpose of scraping the surface of the piston andpreventing tarry matter fromireaching the inside of theworking-cylinder.

21 is an air-pump cylinder and piston.

22 are connections between the working-piston and air-pump piston.

23 is the crank-shaft.

24 is the connecting-rod.

25 is a way leading from the air-pump to the jacket 6, and having at itsend a perforated box or plate by which the air-current is broken up andcaused to enter the water in jets.

26 is a way leading from the jacket 6 to the regenerator 7 and past theadmission-valve 2'7.

28 is the exhaust-valve.

29 is a way leading from the exhaust-Valve to the uptake 30, whichpasses through the air-supply way 25.

The admission and exhaust valves are 0perated by cams or tappets in anyusual way. 31 1s a governor attached to a throttle-valve 1n theair-supply way.

In thcrmo-motors under my invention air moistened by water is forced bythe pump 21 through the way 25, Where it becomes heated by products ofcombustion passing through the uptake 30. The heated air then passesthrough the water in the jacket 6, where it is saturated withwater-vapor,- thence th rough the space above the water, where it isfurther heated, and finally through the regenerator 1nto the passage 10,where it mixes with the llquid fuel supplied by the injector. Themlxture then passes into the combustionchamber, where it is burned. Theproducts of combustion expelled from the combustionchamber pass throughthe regenerator and away by the uptake 30.

In starting the motorinitiallya lamp burning petroleum or otherburning-fluid or a gaset is placed opposite to the opening cov ered bythe lid at A, Fig. 1, and the said cover is removed. Intense combustionis produced by a blast of air and makes the regenerator and passage 10red-hot. When they are thus heated, the lid is closed and the enginestarted, the air necessary for burning the sprayed fuel being taken fromthe wateracket space for the first stroke or first few strokes of theengine. When the engine is thus started, its internal combustion keepsthe parts at sufficient heat to ignite the fuel.

In an application filed by me on February 24, 1890, Serial No. 341,386,I show and describe an internal combustion-motor having some of theparts of the motor herein de scribed and illustrated, and I claim, interalia, the following items: the combination, with the motor, of aregenerator having that portion adjacent to the combustion-chamberclosely packed with refractory blocks and its distant portion filledwith loosely-packed removable refractory blocks; also, the combination,with a cylinder having a refractory nonmetallic lining and a regeneratorarranged in JllXtZLPOSiiJiOIl thereto, of a refractory lined covercommon to both and adapted to couple the cylinder and regenerator by adirect channel, and also doors or ports affording access to saidcylinder and channel.

I claim 1. In a t11er1no-motor, the combination of a combustion-chamber,a heating or regenerating chamber, a water-jacket, and an air-inletleading to the water-jacket and from the Water-jacket to theregenerator, whereby the air is water-charged in the water-jacket and isheated in the regenerator prior to its entrance into thecombustion-chamber, substanpasses from the regenerator to thecombustion-chan1ber, of a fuel-injector discharging into said passage,substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. In a thermo-motor, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a heatingor regenerating-chamber, a water-jacket, an air-inlet lead-. ing to thewater-jacket and from the waterjacket to the regenerator, whereby theair is water-charged in the water-jacket and is iheated in theregenerator prior to its entrance into the combustion-chamber, and an,air force-pump by which the air is forced through the Water-jacket andregenerator, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In athermo-motor, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a heatingor regenerating chamber, a water-jacket, an air-inlet lead ing to thewater-jacket and from the Waterjacket to the regenerator, whereby theair is water-charged in the waterjacket and is heated in the regeneratorprior to its entrance into the combustion-chamber, and a heated passagethrough which the air passes prior to its entrance into thewater-jacket, substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. In a thermo-motor, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a heatingor regenerating chamber, awater-jacket, an air-inlet leading to thewater-jacket and from the Waterjacket to the regenerator, whereby theair is water-charged in the water-jacket and is heated in theregenerator prior to its entrance into the combustion-chamber, and aperforated plateor box through which the air enters the water-jacket,substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day ofNovember, 1889.

JAMES HARGREAVES. Witnesses:

W. B. J OHNSON, JAMES JOHNSON.

